CyberSecurity Profile on the CIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CyberSecurity Profile on the CIA - Essay Example G-1 †G-2, F-51; National Archives and Records Administration, 2000; Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). The accessible information recommends that the CIA carefully orders information and data frameworks as per the laws, orders and rules chaperon to the basic idea of crafted by the CIA and the private idea of such information and frameworks. The information proposes formal documentation, as clear from the meticulousness of the order, however formal documentation isn't accessible from the sources. The supposition that will be that classification endorsement is inserted in the CIA strategies and methods, and exudes from the highest point of the association (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 †G-2. F-226; Clift, 2007; Clift, 2007; Thibodeau, 2009). The CIA appoints a senior data security official to assume responsibility for data security program coordination, advancement, execution and upkeep over the entire association, in the individual of the Chief Information Officer or CIO. The CIO is engaged with the fitting command, originating from the US President and the association, just as with the suitable assets for the reason (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 †G-2 ,F-207, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2012). From the accessible writing, and from the case of its advancing cloud engineering, the useful design exists with the comparing outside interfaces, the fitting trusted status and levels, data stockpiling and transmission consistent with the laws, and level of need for reclamation of the data and related administrations (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010, pp. G-1 †G-2, F-201; Clift, 2007; Central Intelligence Agency, 2012; Thibodeau, 2009). There are fitting screening techniques before get to

The Role of International Systems - The Balance of Power During the Essay

The Role of International Systems - The Balance of Power During the Cold War - Essay Example In itself, the level of influence hypothesis recommends that any fast change in the universal status or intensity of a free state or assortment of states will bring about counterbalancing activities by different states. This happens most promptly when the unions between various states are effectively broken and framed dependent on what is useful to the specific state at that point. This paper contends that the level of influence was a key factor exposed War and was the driving variable of a considerable lot of the occasions that happened, including the Cuban Missile Crisis. Moreover, this eventually brought about the advancement of the unipolar global framework that is available today. The hypothesis of the perceived leverage contrasts significantly among creators and distributions and this area will endeavor to decide a portion of the general topics. A few creators consider that the model is a depiction of the universal frameworks that are set up right now, others consider that it is a hypothesis of alliances, while still others think of it as a rule to peace2. In one sense, any global framework is a perceived leverage relationship at some level. Be that as it may, the term is generally used to allude to explicit frameworks where the entertainers react to one another principally through arrangement instead of through war and where they each endeavor to secure their state’s present moment and long haul interests3. Every nation has their own interior assets and interests which they expect to keep up, just as their situation on the worldwide stage, their relationship to other global forces and universal exchanging connections. States must offset their interior needs with necessities of the global condition. Despite accurate definition, the level of influence stays one of the most focal speculations of global frameworks and relations.

How to Write a Good Scientific Research Paper

How to Write a Good Scientific Research Paper Want to learn more on how to write scientific research paper? Or probably looking forward to your first science paper writing assignment? The feeling can be both invigorating and devastating at the same time. With tons of resources, data and research work to do, knowing the right way to start the research writing process becomes a difficult task. Be that as it may, if you do a thorough research work and choose the right topic, then you are right on track. To ensure a smooth scientific research paper writing that will give you a good grade, approach the task methodologically. Structure of Scientific Research Paper Want to learn more about how to write a scientific research paper outline professionally? First, it is important to note that scientific paper has a basic structure when compared to other types of academic writing. Basically, it includes title, abstract, introduction, materials, and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments and citations. Also, keep in mind that most publications have their own specific guideline and format of a scientific research paper to follow for submission. While some use the exact formats listed above, other publications may prefer to go with a different order entirely. So get yourself prepared to draft your research paper to suit the needs of the publication. This is especially important if you want your work to get published. There is a basic outline for scientific research paper that you must use as a guide. Title The title provides readers with a clear and brief introduction to what the paper entails. A literature with an unclear title may never reach its target audience. You have to be specific. If you are writing about a specific species, makes sure to add the name to the title. And if it relates to a specific place or region, do not omit the name of the place in the title. This will give readers an idea of what to expect in the content Keywords list Do you have specific keywords in mind to make your research paper easy to find? If yes, then insert them into the keyword lists. Make sure to use the keywords in a way that makes sense. Do not stuff the content with your keywords. It makes your write-up fluffy and meaningless. Proper use of keywords makes it easy for your target audiences and interested parties to find your research paper. Abstract Will the article be an interesting read? Is it worth my time? The abstract answers all these questions and much more. This is where you tell your readers the purpose of the scientific research paper. It gives target audience a glimpse of what the contents entail. Basically, it states the objectives and scope of the study. More so, it gives a summary of the results and conclusions. Most publications will state specifically that the abstract should not be more than 250 words. If you can communicate the objectives in 100 words, then leave it at that. Don’t try to over-impress by adding more words. More importantly, do not state what you already have in the title. The title and abstract must be independent of each other. This is because they are published separately. Introduction This is one of the most important parts of a scientific research paper. It highlights the major issues the paper has to cover, while also providing some context for the key problem. Another reason why the introduction is important is to help readers determine how relevant your work is â€" Why do you think this research is necessary? What question does it provide answers to? Once you’ve introduced the research paper and the essence of conducting the research, the next thing is to state in clear terms the scope and objectives. Materials and methods This describes details of the experiment. This part makes it possible for someone else to make a replica of your research and reproduce the results. Provide detailed information about the materials used during the course of the research. If your methodologies are still fresh and original, make sure to provide all the materials required to reproduce the result. If, on the other hand, a method has been published already, state clearly the kind of methodologies used as well as references to the material. Results and discussions The result section throws more light on the findings including tables and figures. Since your scientific paper seeks to provide a solution to a specific problem, it is imperative that you state your findings in a concise and simple way. The discussions section gives readers more insight about the findings. It should also state clearly how your results can be compared to other results. Your discussions will be based on the findings presented in the results sections. Make sure your discussions align perfectly with your results. Furthermore, end the discussions with a brief summary of how relevant the study is. References If your literature is not originally your work, then it is important that you credit the source. This section will contain a list of references used during the course of the work. It should be in alphabetical order by author’s surname. Each reference detail should include the name of the author, year of publication, article title, the name of literature as well as the location where the book was published. Other details include volume and page numbers. Make sure to match references within the manuscript perfectly and precisely. Avoid using obsolete literature. Do not stuff the contents of your manuscript with a lot of references. Key Elements of a Good Scientific Research Paper Scientific research paper writing has its own unique features. These include accuracy, simplicity, and clarity. It is important to note that scientific research papers sometimes have a lot of ambiguity. As a result, it becomes a bit daunting to comprehend, particularly for the layman. To this end, it is expected of you, as an author, to possess specific attributes on how to write a scientific research paper properly. Maintaining a fine balance is essential. This way, you’ll command respect from the gurus in your field. This is because the paper is easy to comprehend. Another thing to note is to avoid the use of acronyms. In addition to that, do not write in the passive voice. Most, if not all, journals will accept research papers written in the active voice. For instance, “We ran a test to determine the correlation between two variable” is preferable to “test was carried out to determine the correlation between the two variables”. Often times, a scientific paper written in the passive voice gets rejected. Here’s a breakdown of the features Accuracy â€" Use only important and updated citations, data, resources, figures, and references. Simplicity â€" The paper is comprehensible. Use simple language, concise sentence and have a well-structured paragraph. Clarity â€" Less ambiguous, no redundancy and straight to the point. It should be well detailed Choosing a Topic for Scientific Research Paper Choosing scientific research paper topics is one of the biggest challenges you’ll probably face. It requires great skills. For some, the instructor assigns the topic while for others they have the liberty to choose their science paper writing topics of choice. When it comes to choosing the right topic there are a few steps to take. Choose a topic that you find interesting. It requires diligent research work Your choice of topic should neither be too broad nor too narrow. If you choose a broad topic you may find it challenging to concentrate due to the vast amount of information available. Likewise, a narrow topic will have little information available Read through the guidelines for choosing a topic. This will be outlined in your task. Consult your instructor or academic supervisor for help Arrange a meeting with a few friends to brainstorm about the research ideas. This will help you a lot. Remember to be flexible Research and familiarize yourself with the topic Keep in mind that choosing the right not may be a bit difficult. It has to be narrow to leave readers gasping for more, yet broad enough to give you the much-needed information. Prior to choosing a topic, have a clear picture of what your literature should look like. Tips for Getting Published Now that you’ve completed your research paper the next big hurdle is how to grab the attention of editors? There is basically no secret formula for getting your literature published. Truth is, it is not an easy task but it is achievable. The field is highly competitive. You need to be at the top of your game to stand a chance of getting published. However, keep in mind that editor’s preferences and expectations vary. Here are some interesting tips, in no particular order, to get your piece published in an academic journal: Think about the logic of the research paper and not the sequential order It is not advisable to write and make changes to the documents at the same time. You can always proofread and edit once you’re done. Make your argument noticeable all through the different section of the literature Ask a friend or better still hire a professional writing service to help review the final draft To increase your chances of getting published, consider writing a review. Some journals prefer publishing responses to papers because it helps promote discussions. Don’t just limit your target audience to a specific location rather think globally Choose the right journal Stick to the submission procedures and guidelines. And also read the instructions thoroughly Avoid repeating your abstract while writing the cover letter Do not overstate your methodology Respond professionally to the comments of the editor. If there is a need for revision, do it and resubmit. Getting your work published is no small feat. While some get the job done easily, it is usually difficult for others Tips for Writing One of the essences of writing as an author is to pass on your message and ideas precisely. For those writing academic papers, there are specific scientific research paper writing tips and guidelines to follow in order to achieve your goal â€" which is to get good grades. You must adhere to certain structures without deviating from the main purpose of writing. Clarity Clarity plays a key role when it comes to writing. It has to do with proper sentence structure, grammar, and language. To achieve clarity in writing, use short sentences of no more than 20 words. This will make the target audience grasp the concept without much stress. It will be pointless reading a paragraph over and over again just to understand the message being passed across. It will definitely put off the reader. Make your writing short, informative and catchy. Use of correct language and proper grammar will help enhance the reader’s experience. Regardless of how good or informative the research is, incorrect grammar usage will discourage the reader from probing further. Proper time management Of course, writing can take a lot of time and effort. For some, writing is a dreaded affair. However, if you are writing for the first time, it is important to create a daily schedule so you can work on some parts of the research paper. And make sure you work according to the schedule created. Editing Academic writing, specifically scientific research can be a complex and challenging task to accomplish. It requires a lot of research work. Not only that, each section will require proofreading and editing. It is, however, difficult to get it right the first time. Make sure to edit and proofread your paper before submitting. Seek help from friends or professional writing service that knows how to do a scientific research paper to help another look at the work and suggest changes if need be. This way, you can be assured that the paper is top-notch and up to the required standard. Conclusion Regardless of your reason for writing a scientific research paper, be it for academic purpose or for journal submission, the academic world is now versatile. Not only that, it keeps expanding by the day. sadly, many people don’t know how to write science research paper. In order to increase your chances of getting published, buy a professionally written scientific research paper online now.

Study On Financial Statements And Ratios Of Banks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 6061 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 4.0 Introduction The data analysis chapter has been divided into two parts. In the first part, I have tried to do some sort of quantitative analysis. The first part is based on the financial statements and key ratios of both the chosen banks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On Financial Statements And Ratios Of Banks" essay for you Create order Again it was broken down into sub-points like the analysis of data before recession and after recession. Some key ratios were calculated, compared and analysed from the financial data of last 10 years for both the banks. The second part of this chapter is a mixture of literature review data analysis and some points were written with reference to the analysis done in first part in my own words. 4.1 Analysis of Data Derived from Financial Statements and Ratios 4.1.1 Bank Status before Recession After Recession To be able to answer our research questions it is imperative to look at the two companies data from financial statements, this will reveal the risks inherent in each banks operation. The analysis utilizes data from the financial statements of the banks under review from year 2005 to 2010 just before recession started. While the two banks have similarities in risk management RBS use pounds while HSBC use dollars as the basis currency in the books of accounts, while this may hinder the analysis especially quantitative analysis the general data increase and decrease is an important aspect sufficient for this study. 4.2 Financial Position of RBS 4.2.1 Financial Position of RBS before recession (2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007) The Royal Bank of Scotland turnover had been on steady increase, in the financial year ending December 2007 the turnover was ÂÂ £30,366 million; in 2005 the turnover was ÂÂ £25902 million while in the year ending 2006 turnover increased to ÂÂ £28002 million. In 2005 operating profits were ÂÂ £7936 million while in 2006 operating profits increased marginally to ÂÂ £9186 and in 2007 ÂÂ £9807 million. Profits before tax has been on steady increase from ÂÂ £7936million in 2005 to ÂÂ £9186 and ÂÂ £9832 million in 2006 and 2007 million respectively. 4.2.2 Financial Position of RBS After Recession (2007-2008, 2009-2010) The turnover for year 2008 was ÂÂ £25868 Million and finally the turnover for the year ending December 2009 was ÂÂ £38690 million. In but in 2008 and 2009 losses of ÂÂ £40836 and ÂÂ £2595 were recorded respectively, this was after recession started. The full details for the full year 2010 results have not been announced but the first half results profits had increased by 44% to ÂÂ £3950 million. Table 1 Royal Bank of Scotland Profit and loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 ÂÂ £millions ÂÂ £ ÂÂ £ ÂÂ £ ÂÂ £ ÂÂ £ ÂÂ £ Turnover 38690.0 25868.0 30366.0 28002.0 25902.0 Operating Profit Q3 726 -2595 -40836.0 9807 9186 7936 Profits before tax -2595 -40836.0 9832.0 9186.0 7936.0 Source; RBS website 4.3 Financial Positions of HSBC 4.3.1 Financial Positions of HSBC before recession On the other hand the turnovers for HSBC on the financial years under review were as follows; year 2007 the turnover was $ 87601 million, $ 61704 million in 2005 and $70070 million in 2006 in terms of operating profits, the group managed $20966.0m, $21240.0m and $22709.0m in years 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. Profits before tax were $20966m, $22086m, and $24212m in years 2005, 2006, and 2007. 4.3.2 Financial Positions of HSBC After recession The group managed a turnover of $ 88571 million and $ 78631 million in 2008 and 2009 accounting periods respectively. HSBC recorded $ 22709 million profit in 2007; however the profits declined substantially to $7646 million in 2008 and $ 5298 in 2009 again profits were affected as recessionary fears started. In third quarter of 2010 the profits increased marginally. Table 2 HSBC Profit and Loss Extracts Year Ended 31 Dec 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 $millions $ $ $ $ $ $ Turnover 78631 88571 87601 70070 61704 Operating Profit 5298 7646 22709 21240 20966 Profit before tax 7079 7079 9307 24212 20086 20966 Source: HSBC website 4.4 Tabular, Graphical representation, interpretation and analysis of key ratios of HSBC RBS for last 10 years In the next few pages, I have tried to present the data in tables, graphs and charts. Some of the data was presented and calculated for last 10 years and some for the last 5-6 years. Some of the key ratios as given below were calculated, analysed and compared for both the banks. Net Interest Margin Return on equity Capital adequacy Liquidity ratio Non-performing assets ratio Loans Turnover ratio Loans to Assets ratio Gross Yield on Earning Assets (GYEA) Table 3 HSBC Ratio Analysis in percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 3.25 3.09 3.05 2.00 3.4 2.04 2.60 2.54 2.24 ROE 11.1 12.3 11.21 9.62 11.60 12.25 11.2 15.6 13.21 Capital Adequacy 11.50 11.60 11.75 10.89 10.97 11.01 11.12 11.31 11.63 Liquidity ratio 2.20 2.50 3.62 4.21 5.31 6.54 1.23 1.11 2.15 Nonperforming assets ratio 2.17 2.27 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.01 2.00 Loans Turnover ratio 66.2 55.2 25.10 29.2 54.0 59.1 67.12 74.21 76.45 Loans to Assets ratio 0.60 0.40 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.113 0.21 0.28 0.32 GYEA 5.21 4.60 4.49 4.36 4.24 4.42 4.68 4.29 3.26 Source: Data glanced from HSBC website and did personal analysis. Figure 4 HSBC ratio analyses (Note: all the figures are in percentage) Table 4 RBS Ratio analysis as a percentage Year Ending 31 Dec 2010 up to June 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2001 Net Interest Margin 1.97 1.76 1.70 1.75 1.83 1.91 2.01 2.03 1.92 ROE 12 11.5 11.4 9 9.6 9.12 14 11.2 10 Capital Adequacy 12.51 11.44 11.95 12.98 11.72 11.10 12.21 13.11 13.23 Liquidity Ratio 3.21 2.42 3.21 5.22 3.23 3.29 2.23 2.11 3.15 Nonperforming Assets Ratio 11.1 14.1 16.1 12.15 12.11 12.10 11.11 11.01 10.10 Loans Turnover Ratio 66.9 45.25 44.15 39.2 44.0 49.12 57.21 63.32 66.00 Loans to Assets Ratio 1.56 1.45 1.35 1.40 1.19 0.20 0.89 0.46 0.56 GYEA 3.33 4.6 2.12 4.06 4.12 3.28 2.86 2.92 2.45 Source: Data glanced from RBS website and did personal analysis Fig. Comparison of the two banks PL data Generally over the years the turnover of the two banks has been increasing but the increase in HSBC turnover has been moderate while that of RBS has been steep. HSBC has managed to remain profitable for the period of analysis showing that the company has been able to mitigate the risks well as compared to RBS. RBS made substantial operating losses amounting to 2595 million in 2009 and had to be supported by the government as a result of subprime mortgage crisis. The data show that HSBC has adopted prudent management even though profits declined, the ratios show the group has maintained strong capital base Findings During the two years before year 2009 and after the two banks were adversely affected by economic condition. The profit and loss analysis from the two banks show that HSBC has been able to tackle liquidity risks well as it has been able to maintain profitability through out even during the recession on the other hand RBS was affected and made losses in 2007, 2008 and 2009 but the half year available indicate the bank has returned to profitability after the government support. The profitability before tax is shown in the figure below. Figure 5 Source: Data glanced from RBS and HSBC websites and did personal analysis Note: HSBS figures are in million dollars while figures for RBS are in million pounds. 4.5 Literature Review Data Analysis This dissertation presents the underlying strategies and approaches applied by the top UK banks in learning the differences between HSBC and Royal Bank of Scotland. The strategies and approaches are observed before and after the recession period when assets and stocks were reducing in value putting the banks in worst case financial scenario. To compare their financial, business and operational risks concern will create a bigger picture. The aim is to determine which between the two banks has a better and effective approach and strategy in the risk-reduction initiatives (Drew Michael, et al., 1996) Banks in United Kingdom have relied upon a proven system of strong liquidity risk management. This has been in existence for over three years now and since the system was started banks have made it a priority to update their systems of risk management to keep abreast with the changing demands of the society and technological innovations associated with risk management. Financial stabi lity is easily achieved by following less complicated process and that is to stick to the rules and created in less difficult way that whenever you try to explain it to a customer or client. The grasp of the policy will then be easily absorbed (Issing, 2004). The liquidity risk management of most United Kingdom has been seen to be strong and responsive whenever banks experience risks. Banks have to ensure that they exercise prudent risk management to be able to provide customer satisfaction, but some of the banks are less committed to the task to minimize their exposure to risks. It can be costly to the bank and expose the bank to court cases, licence cancellation by the supervisory authorities and customers withdrawing from the bank. The only way to do this is to create a reliable system of liquidity risk management (Issing, 2004). Risk management actions count the most in the future and especially in setting the reputation of the banks. Extra effort is required in creating p olicies that will withstand the effect of any risks. Being able to communicate the recent risk situation among the team members will help a lot in the resolution and in effectively carrying out the regulations which they intended to implement for the banks organization. A manifestation of a high level of activity would spell a lot of difference compared to those who lag behind due to poor management risk planning (Kahf Homud, 1998). An effective liquidity risk management is able to make anticipations on the occurrence of future risks. There is also a type of liquidity risk management that can only provide satisfactory level of service or performance, however, it possess certain weakness though very insignificant, it may still deliver anticipated results like those managements that are strong since it only manifest very minor signs ineffectiveness (Bank of England 2007). HSBS and the Royal Bank of Scotland are not just the top banks in United Kingdom they are the two banks tha t show an impressive liquidity risk management. This record could be very much proven by the profits earned annually and the impression they make among their customers is excellent and they never settle for anything less. The two banks have applied similar systems although HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against a liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money but also protect the welfare of their customers and intend to move with them and manage their finances by avoiding incompetence in dealing with liquidity risks. HSBS guides their customer from the time they enter the institution until the time they become part of a much growing and impressive banking industry (Bank of England 2007). In the last two years HSBC only experienced short term recession only, they had prepared for the recession, through management and the fact that they had experienced a crisis before and had rectified it by creating a frame w ork that worked well for the bank. Prudent risk management at HSBC can be analysed by looking at the profits that the bank has earned recently where the bank doubled its half-year profits by posting ÂÂ £7 billion as at August 2010, this is at a time when smaller banks were feeling the effects of recession. Analysts have seen the capabilities of the bank base from their well-managed systems and strategies. They had already expected such things to happen so there is nothing surprising about that (Goodway, 2007). The banks have taken all necessary precautions and the management maintains optimism that in case of risks they will find a way out. The way the two banks react to problems is always quick thus they are able to find real time solutions. This strategy is a good way of keeping loyal customers. The primary goal is to offer consistency in performance whether the nature of the transaction differs or not, this is exemplified by the HSBC spirit of being consistent and reliabl e in every possible way. One of the ways that the banks have avoided the risks is to anticipate the risks thus making in advance plans. HSBC has made a point to anticipate risks and make plans to mitigate or avoid the risks completely, this is seen in the banks preparation of the recession in the last two years the bank made adequate plans and adopted prudent lending, adopted technology and minimized operations expenses, while other bank were unprepared and had to be rescued by the government. HSBC operates inn flexible economies, this has been explained by looking at the diversity of the markets it operates, and this gave the bank diversity as not all markets experienced recession. HSBC reaction to risks is a testimony to its objective to effectively handle risks, one such objective identified in the study was is to create liquidity through making an arrangement to leaseback or sell assets whenever loans are defaulted (Goodway, 2007) On the other hand, the Royal Bank of Sc otland has similar strategies, before recession the management had drawn a plan on risk management, this is exemplified by the fact that they didnt change their banking rates during this period. Although they needed to take precautions on the insurance, once this has been resolved they could go back to the most important part which is keeping the business even more profitable (Aldrick, 2008). Royal Bank of Scotland (2011) strategy has been to invest heavily in being relevant to the needs of the customer; the bank has also created a buffer to protect the bank in times of recession. In 2007 the bank lost 3% in book value as it experienced subprime related mortgage crisis, but the bank made an effort in ensuring that the customers needs were addressed as soon as possible and assured clients that their accounts with the bank were safe. The Royal Bank of Scotland has not seen changes in sub-prime related write downs, the bank has remained stable. During the recession the bank st ill managed ÂÂ £ 1.1 billion in half year profits, though the bank was affected by recession as it could not prevent the effects of recession on their profits and capital enhancements. When making a comparison between the two banks, they differ on how they carry out their risk strategies but have similar characteristics. 4.5.1 Implications of recession on house mortgage and corresponding subprime losses HSBC has always tried to offer options that are sustaining and a relief to those who are about to lose their home due to the effect of recession, some of the options are leaseback and sales. In terms risk management HSBC has adopted a different approach when it comes to helping customers experiencing cash flow problems in paying mortgage. The bank identifies the need to assess the urgency to save the customers financial status or his house under mortgage (Goodway, 2007); the bank allows customers to modify their loan allowing customers to pay the loan at an adjusted future time. This reduces the risk to both the customer and the bank. On the other hand Royal Bank of Scotland reduce risks by allowing variable or fixed mortgage rate, and has applied the straightforward approach where a customer mortgage application is approved decisively, this ensures the payments are as flexible as possible. The bank has also limited the bank charges it can attach to an account thus creating cust omer satisfaction. 4.5.2 Bank Strategies and Policies Applied The effectiveness of the banks strategy and approach can be analysed by looking at how well the banks management performed their roles. As risks are recognized the management needs to assess the risks and careful interpretation of the consequences. If the management do not carefully assess the crisis, then the risk might probably worsen until it can no longer be helped (RBS, 2011). The loan modification adopted by HSBC may not work as it is difficult to find a common ground. It may also not be possible to carry out assessment and evaluation. The Royal Bank of Scotland has minimized its risk exposure by allowing the straightforward method, thus the bank is able to assess the qualification of each customer. 4.5.3 Criteria for house mortgage loan allocation Both banks utile interest options, period of payment, and a flexible payment options. However, the criteria need to be assessed on individual application basis while at the same time maintaining objectivity and should not be applied to all. This criterion has to be flexible in terms of meeting the customer needs such as unforeseen circumstances. The current criteria risk the banks profit if it is contravened, it should allow the customers meet their monthly loan repayment deadlines. It can be very well taken into account that the system used by these two is similar to those applied by the rest of the banks in United Kingdom (Effros, 1998). However, the researcher intends to discuss the reliability of the system utilized by the two chosen banks as they encounter inevitable risks in global economic environment. A study of the HSBC system shows how well they have managed risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The study helps to understand the important issues needs to be tackled by a bank to manage risks successfully. The two banks have had good financial risk management, in terms managing the credit and market risks by having a proper risk assessment. These two risks take place when an improper assessment is made (Newman, 2006). Strong and reliable management organization has been used as a tool to help the banks strengthen and arrive to a risk free system. In case of system failures a dependable measure has been created that would minimize financial implications. The banks initiative is to push the participation of the depositors in the program and to treat them as among the driving force which affects the system. The methods are extensively researched and adapted among institutions which mean that it has been carefully checked (Banks, 2003). Extensive study on the feasibility of the issue in addressing the effectiveness of system implemented in the banking institution. In the previous discussion, regarding the imposition of law aff ecting banking system, the European banks are known to be sanctioned under a strict regulation whereby giving them less control over their own management. The variability in the solution technique being employed by either HSBC or the Royal Bank of Scotland cannot simply be the solution to this problem. It is the way they approach the problem with a system proven by time. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland have several financial planning portfolios in helping the customers reach their goals. The two banks have manifested expertise in providing the most expert advice on planning and investing. They consider it as their responsibility to provide their customer with the best advice available and have to be right and fitting to their customers needs. They exert and commit themselves as they go the extra mile of keeping their customers for a lifetime by answering and addressing quickly their customers growing demands and they have never failed to do so (Newman, 2006). The banks will not wait in vain but makes sure that they get to customers and provides them with a personalized service that cannot be found from other bank institutions creating confidence and trust with the customers. No wonder these two banks were voted top United Kingdom banks (Duttweiler, 2009). The assessment of the policy utilized by these two banks operates as a measure that monitors whether a prescribed risk guideline has been complied with and then makes a report accordingly (Crouhy, 2006). The design of the policy has been able to achieve the appropriate strategy, though require the framework and the funding capacity be adequately met by the funding institution. The design as a result, gives the customer the assurance and the security as they are given the key role and part in developing the system. The United Banking system has also been extensively analysed in this dissertation. Risks such as the financial and operational risks has been analysed by relating them to the str ategies being employed by each bank, thus, an empirical method has been applied by exploring details about each bank. Various important factors about a banking institutions risk management system have been looked into as well. Looking into the advantages of a well-organized risk management banking system will help minimize damages brought by liquidity risks. A well-managed and well carried management plan will save the bank from recovering from years, after suffering from significant financial risks. Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusions While the data analysed show similarities in the way the two banks manage liquidity risks HSBC has prudently managed the risks better as compared to RBS. The profits before tax for the two banks indicate that RBS made losses for the last two years while HSBC has maintained profitability despite recession. Fair amount of loans have been advanced that may not pose great risk to both banks, the loan to asset rate is low for both banks and this reduces unnecessary exposure to bad debts. The ratios indicate the banks have maintained adequate capital bases that can with stand systemic risks. HSBC has managed to maintain low operating margins leveraging on technology to deliver products thus avoiding high staff expenses, on the other hand RSB government ownership reduces the risk exposure and thus the bank has been able to obtain loans from the bank after the recent recession, the operating margins are negative for the last two years indicating the bank has not been able to achieve optimal operations. After a sustained increase in the operating profits of RBS before the recession profits declined from 9807 million pounds in 2007 to losses of 2595 million pounds, this emanated from the exposure of the bank to mortgage related risks therefore to ensure the bank is protected from the risk the bank should carry out evaluation on the ability of the customers to meet the monthly mortgage requirements. The effectiveness of the risks management policies of the banks under study has been evaluated, to be able to have a wider view about risk management bank mortgage and subsequent reaction to recession has been analysed. When the risk management policies that each of the banks under consideration is evaluated, HSBC possess the most formidable liquidity risk management policy implementation well articulated in the banks reaction to the recession. The study established that the liquidity risk management plays an important role in monitoring the flow of assets into the banks system. Banks are required to have standard set of policy to affect its benefits. However, without a reliable system from which the organization management plan is created, it is easy to say that such a management plan will not be effective. It will produce no progress at all and could costly on the part of those who implement these management strategies. Since the two banks have applied similar systems; HSBC is the bank that shows the most impressive and effective strategy/ approach against liquidity risk. They always make sure to protect not only their money also they make sure that they protect the welfare of their customers. The dissertation focus on the UK banking system was ideal as the perfect niche where to study liquidity risk because the banks have a wide access to almost all parts of the world and. The banks are universal and possess that impressive banking track record. HSBC and the Royal Banks of Scotland are equally as competent and committed to a strong liquidity risk management (Casu Molyneux, 2001). However, this study was limited to the top two banks it is recommended that in order to understand liquidity risk a study should be conducted not only on those two banks but also on those ranked at the bottom. This way it is possible to understand the liquidity risk in the banking industry and serve as a basis of reference by other researchers or particular areas of concern that may be a source of risk for banks. It should also be necessary that a case study be conducted on a particular scenario focusing only on one risk management area so as to have a clearer view. The banking system is explained along with some points on how important it is to build a strong impression with international institutions by securing a reliable system within the bank by good risk management policies that serve as its foundation. A discussion on the importance of liquidity risk management policy has been explored using policies as the gui delines and indicators that help determine the confidence level in each banking system. If weak policy system is in place, it gives doubt as to the effectiveness of the risk management approach. Royal Bank of England has been analysed and the responsibility it has on the control of rates. The bank has been used as the point of reference since it has flexibility in decision making as well as its crucial to the good functioning or detriment of the whole banking institution in United Kingdom. The HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland has impressive financial planning portfolios that are geared towards helping the customers reach their goals. They make it their utmost responsibility to provide their customer with the best options that are available and have committed to meet the customers need. The two banks provide the most expert advice on planning and investing. An analysis of HSBC system shows that they have managed risks well, including risks that have placed other banks in receivership. The Royal Bank of Scotland equally possesses reliable strategy where all the decisions regarding risks have to be decided after careful analysis and Proper management of credit and market risks is essential in eliminating financial risks. The study established that these two risks occur when an improper assessment is made. The commitment of the management of an organization is an important element needed to help reduce the risk on possibility of a bank to collapse. It is a guiding force that a responsible banking institution must adhere to, so as to avoid the consequences of financial failure because of mismanagement. Proper risk management could be a simple way of solving liquidity risk problem which management believe is difficult to tackle. In order to protect their earnings the banks have to institute proper risk management policies as it is not always predictable where risks will emerge. The two banks under study have implemented some of the most desired risk m anagement policies. Many banks were severely affected by the recession but HSBC and RBS still returned maximum profits despite the operating environment existing in 2010 the financial year under review. Customers are concerned with the risk management practises of their banks this is because it also determines the availability of credit and all necessary bank products that they need. 6.2 Recommendations The banks need to ensure that the risk exposure on their portfolios is minimized or eliminated completely. While the recession risks were inevitable the need to anticipate liquidity risks are imperative. HSBC had gone through a crisis however the management had foresight and planned well for the recession on the other hand RBS had to rely on government bail out to minimize the risks the mortgage portfolio had. The need to pursue vigorous risk management policies is important than before, while management decisions influence the direction of the banks, careful planning and consulting is essential. A deep analysis of the causes of the losses registered in the last two years would be a good starting point to be able to collect the mistakes. Management will be valuable in this, the ability of the management to run smoothly the banks and predict future risk will determine the bank that emerges from recession stronger. From the data analyzed while turnover for the banks increased t he operating profits were affected by the recession. Like HSBC did RBS need to leverage on technology to reduce operating losses. 6.2.1 Recommendations on Managing liquidity through Organizational structure and Governance It is imperative that the two banks define the liquidity risks exhaustively this will ensure that the risks the banks are exposed to are identified and placed in respective risk category, then the risks are communicated to the respective groups to that they can identify, understand and evaluate liquidity risks that the banks face including new lines of business, products, acquisitions, alliances or any initiative that the banks intend to participate. A clear understanding of the various risks is essential particularly distinguishing Market liquidity and funding liquidity risks. Risks inherent in funding that the banks should focus on include; Structural liquidity risks spanning more than one year and cash capital risks of the banks. Thinking long term is beneficial to the financial health of the banks, the ability to communicate this is imperative depending on the nature of risks the management should be able to know what and how they are going to communicate. Information dis closure will invariably contribute to the risk or minimize or eliminate the risks completely therefore a clear policy on which information to disclose is essential. The need for transparency in dealings and communication is central to creating and strengthening trust as compared to past failure to disclose liquidity risks by banks. In many of HSBC annual reports the need to disclose risks has taken central role according to year 2007 annual reports the bank had identified the risks it faced and critical analysis was on liquidity risk. While there is no universally agreed level of disclosure of risks, various legislations have been put limit to the minimum amount of disclosure that can be done. As a consequence of good economic gains in the last four to five months banks have increase capital ratios and therefore HSBC and RBC needs to significantly increase capital ratios while at the same time to reduce the leverage levels. Recession that emanated from leverage in mortga ge has taught finance managers the importance of deleveraging. It is important to run efficient and less complex and smaller banks and then focus on the core aspects of rendering services to customers. A thorough understanding of their business and possible future risks, the two banks can create trust and show customers that they are run prudently. This is the only way they can rebuild the financial system that is damaged from banks own imprudence. The return to profitability has been quick as most banks were supported by governments and the recession was particularly driven by the mortgage sector, in the years to come HSBC and RBC need to pursue policies that minimize risks by qualifying case by case in mortgage applications and deleveraging, while this may not be of advantage right now it will promote independence of banks. Chapter 6- Discussion/ Reflection 6.1 Reflective Report The dissertation has covered most part that the researcher has intended to arrive at and has expected to obtain. The output was gathered by patiently going through the evaluation process of each aspect behind the liquidity risk management that exist between two banks. Other underlying factors are also essential in the dissertation. It is important not to leave those with less attention because what makes up the two banks are the foundation concepts built buy the bigger institutions the Bank of England in particular. The ideas gathered about the Bank of England could give you a perfect idea why bank in England are being regulated that way. The Banks is sole responsible for all of that but the system implemented by them is something that United Kingdom Banks should be grateful about because the system that they are following has made it easier for them to exists and further improve as a bank institution. This log book is important as it expresses the researchers experience from doing the dissertation. Future researchers of the same study may refer to this log book and see the progress and experiences made by the researcher. It could also a reference for the advantages and disadvantages encounter along the flow of the study. The process was rather simple however it was very time consuming due to its nature. Simple comparison will not do, you must be able to correlate the subject with the controlling elements such at the kinds of management risk provided. Previous studies have been a great help in this project. 6.2 Significance of writing the dissertation Writing the dissertation has provided me with an awareness and general out on the risks that banks are facing. It has also taken a challenge on my part to learn more about the internal management and gives me the idea why this particular bank has been successful in providing services to their customer. It has been quite an interesting experience for me. In a general sense, the dissertation has several impacts to the following: Business sector- most business companies had relied upon the success of their banks. They had depended on the success of those institutions because they too will get affected once the liquidity risk management problems will not be properly addressed. Customer/depositors- They are generally the person that makes up the whole system. They are like the basic unit in the institution because without those assets will not get into their system and it will very much affect their banks profits if customers keep withdrawing from the bank due to their poor custom er service performance. 6.3 Process to Write Dissertation The dissertation process is written in a wide array of perspective where the researcher has to dig in a few points from which may or may not be necessary for the paper but I believe that it is necessary in order to be able to express the proper points that needs to be addressed in the dissertation. Nothing has to be left out so that each point is met and the strategy being exerted will not go to waste. I believe that the routine that needs to be exercise in order to come up with a dissertation on finance is constant analysis and focus on the chosen topic. I did not have a hard time though in comparing the banks but I faced difficulty in dealing with the Literature review part. Some are particularly related to one another however, there are issues that need to be deleted as they were irrelevant perhaps on a different context. An outline The outline of this dissertation will serve as the framework from which the researcher must follow on. It is important in the alignment process of the dissertation. There are steps that have to be constantly followed and these steps will create a body to the dissertation. However, the step that I am talking about is not procedural but rather a mind frame or set that create the body of the paper and will not look or be read in an irregularly set platform. Organization The dissertation is created in an organized framework aimed at getting well defined results. Chapters are arranged well in sub headings giving the topic a simpler, defined and narrowed down look. The flow is much easier to follow since each chapter are outlined in a pyramid structure starting from a concept down to a much deeper principle. Time-Table This is the most important part of the process that will very much affect the whole set-up if not followed accordingly. I have to make that every night I am able to produce a minimum of 1,500 words of progress. This way I will not be having a hard time catching up in the future in case, the deadline is fast approaching. I make it as an initiative to always work on something every day in order that I will have lesser work to do in the coming days. Iterative Solution The initial thing that I did was create an outline. It served as the backbone of my dissertation. It will also serve as your guide. With it you can never lose direction especially if you need to stop working and when you need to get back working you have already lost focus in the dissertation. The outline shall serve as your reference life to which you could follow with and keep up with your lost time. 6.4 My Learning outcomes The core of the dissertation is the stored knowledge which I need to incorporate with my readings as I start working on the dissertation. The reading are essential in order that you are able to connect and check that what you have previously learned still applies or if you need to keep abreast with the updates or the amendments created by institutions and the like. 6.4.1 Plan to write on a regular basis and to stick with the plan made: I have also created a log where I regularly develop a manner to assess my level of data organization. This will monitor my research work behaviour if i sometimes i lagged too much and some works have not been accomplished throughout the day. The log book shall be a guide from which I can make up for the unaccomplished works and will also determine how much work I need to exert for that particular chapter. 6.4.2 Making a time plan and sticking to it Sticking to the time table is required because it will allow you to be more organized and to adhere to the required task for the day. The given task is appropriately assigned in a day together with their corresponding number of words that needs to be accomplished. Conclusion The dissertation is attained by a comprehensive study that requires relevant information that insures that the study will present a reliable source of data. Upon obtaining it, it must be organized in a less complex manner. And when a difficult part arrives, it is necessary that adequate solutions are reached because once the problems are not resolve in instant, future efforts will also be affected by the inaction done in the previous challenges.

Essay on Diversity in the Workplace - 1258 Words

Diversity in the workplace is a subject that has gained increased attention in the workplace over the past few years. After all, the impact of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity programs on the nations work force is undeniable. Women and minorities were the first to dramatically alter the face of the economic mainstream, while gays, persons with disabilities and senior citizens followed not far behind. The result is a diverse American labor force representing a microcosm of our society - yet one that continues to struggle with its identity. Diversity as a social condition is not new to America. We were founded as a nation of Diversity. â€Å"America has always been a merger of cultures and, as such, has undergone periods of†¦show more content†¦Mentoring and on-the-job training of less skilled workers through courses, assistant programs, and continuing education programs may even the gap between different employees. However, it is important to recognize pot ential and use the skills already at hand to create a more efficient team environment where each member’s contribution carries some value and contributes to the organization’s goals. Economic status is as important an issue as is education. Various employees come from different economic background. Their views and manners may differ, along with their expectations and motivations in daily routine and overall purpose. Nevertheless, they have to work together. There are potential problems and differences of conduct, motivation, and initiative. Managers have to get to know their people and develop ways of using their differences for the benefit of the organization. The focus should be on the positive aspects of individuals, and on merging the best qualities people have to form effective teams. Managing conflict is also very important. 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Thesis Statment Free Essays

Thesis Statement: Definition: the thesis statement is the most important sentence in your essay. It is the main idea for the whole essay; it is frequently shows (directly, indirectly) the number and the content of the body paragraphs of the essay. Clear thesis statement are essential for good writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Statment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parts of a thesis statement: A thesis statement has two main parts: the topic and the controlling and additional one not necessary predictor. A- Topic: the subject of the essay, what the essay is about. Ex: Frank McCourt faced two obstacles. B- Controlling: what you are going to say about the topic. Ex. Frank McCourt faced two obstacles. C- Predictor: it is a third component in a thesis statement. It tells the reader how many body paragraphs there will be in the essay and what their content will be. Ex. Frank McCourt faced two obstacles lack of education and poverty. Activity 1: predict the content of the body paragraphs of the following statements circle the topic, underline the controlling: 1- As we human beings shape our environment by building and producing, we are increasingly polluting our air, water and our soil. – The main advantages of urban planning are that we can control a city’s appearance, we can organize transportation effectively, and we can make sure there are enough open spaces. 3- With its winding paths, lake, and small forests, Central Park in New York City is the most important example of the romantic style of landscape architecture in the United States. Rules for Thesis Statement: 1- T hesis statement must be a complete sentence with a subject and a verb. City living hazardous to your health. (not a thesis) City living is hazardous to your health. – Thesis statement must be a statement not a question. Are dogs good companions? Dogs are good companions. 3- Thesis statement is an opinion it can’t be a simple statement of fact (doesn’t need any support) I have an older brother and a younger brother. I have much in common with my younger brother than I do with my older brother. 4- Thesis statement is a statement not announcement and must state the controlling idea. This essay I’m going to talk about air pollution. Recent methods of reducing air pollution are showing some positive results 5- Thesis statement should have only one controlling idea. Public transportation in my hometown is too expensive, and it is slower than that in Tokyo. Public transportation in my hometown is too expensive. Activity: 2 state if the following sentences is a good thesis statement or not and state the rule it violates. 1- Japanese car are better than American cars. 2- A Mitsubishi is a Japanese car. 3- I’m going to show you why seat belts are necessary. 4- Are seat belts necessary? 5- Wearing a seat belt can save your life. 6- Students who work while they are studying meet a lot of people, and their professors also work hard. 7- Work-study programs an analysis. – In this essay, I will compare working on campus and working off campus. Activity 3: choose 4 topics to write 4 thesis statements. 2 must have a predictor: 1- __________________________________________________________________________ 2- __________________________________________________________________________ 3- _____________________________________________________________ _____________ 4- __________________________________________________________________________ ———————– Wild animalsendangered speciestransportationocean/ water Climate changeworld’s food productioneducationforest/ vegetation How to cite Thesis Statment, Essay examples

Reasons to Become a Nurse Practitioner free essay sample

Lastly, it will include three articles from health journals that are associated with a Family Care Nurse Practitioner. General Nurse Practitioners first came about following World War II in response to a shortage of physicians. The first Nurse Practitioner program was started at Duke University in 1965 (Strekley, 2008). Duke University’s program focused on teaching the nurses’ health maintenance and illness prevention. A study carried out by Congress in 1986 stated that â€Å"Within their areas of competence, Nurse Practitioners were able to provide care whose quality is to that of care provided by physicians. In order to become a Family Care Nurse Practitioner, one would first become a Registered Nurse. There are several ways to obtain a Registered Nursing degree. One may earn an Associate’s degree, diploma, or a Bachelors degree of Nursing. Once the Registered Nursing degree is completed, it is then recommended that one work in the clinical field for at least a year before going back to earn a Master’s degree (Walsh, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons to Become a Nurse Practitioner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are a couple of different routes to earn your Master’s degree. One may go straight from a Registered Nursing degree to a Master’s degree. These are available by combining 1 year of an accelerated BSN program with 2 years of graduate study. In 2006, there were 149 RN-to-MSN programs (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1). The other option is to go from a Registered Nursing degree, then earn a Bachelor’s in Nursing, and then a Masters degree in Nursing. In 2006, there were 629 RN-to-BSN programs in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1). The Master’s Program for Family Care Nurse Practitioners last one to two years and provides advanced study in diagnostic skills, health assessment, pharmacology, clinical management, and research skills. The program focuses on general work in the beginning, and then focuses on specific Nurse Practitioner specialties later on in the program (Walsh, 2004). National certification is not required by all states, but it is highly recommended. Certifications are offered by the American Nurses Association or the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (Goolsby, EdD, MSN, ANP, FAANP, 2009). Certification typically involves passing a written exam, and recertification includes completing certain amounts of continuing education. In order to be a nurse, all states require at least a state license to practice. To earn a license, all graduates of an approved nursing school must pass a national exam called the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) (NCLEXinfo. com, 1). The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners is a professional association that was developed specifically for Nurse Practitioners. The website provides quality information on nursing credentials, healthcare issues, research, conferences, publications, resources, and different certifications. They hold annual conferences to keep everyone up to date with any changes or topics that are currently happening.